Introduction

Technology’s continual evolution places a demand on teacher educators to equip aspiring teachers with the most advantageous technological tools for enhancing classroom instruction, ultimately serving the goal of teaching better in classrooms.

As Jan (2017) explained, the need for a shift from traditional teaching methods to a learner-centered approach that incorporates technology is required. The world is rapidly changing, and teachers must create students with soft skills to meet future challenges. 

Technology can enhance learning and engagement, and teachers must be open to learning new tools. Teacher development programs should incorporate technology integration and provide high-quality professional development opportunities. This shift is crucial for preparing students for the 21st century. 

After accumulating a huge amount of literature regarding technology integration, now I would like to dive into the same integration but with AI in the classroom. I wish to discuss the key elements in the integration process, role of technology in education, strategies to infuse it, application of AI in second language teaching, role of AI in encouraging students to learn a second language, in particular English, and the impact of technology on teacher-student relationships and student-student relationships.

First of all, a learning environment that utilizes technology in the learning process is called a modern learning environment. This learning environment has two main functions; they can help in using traditional and digital media in learning. In addition, the learning environment provides information on the courses and studies (Sirkemma, 2003).

The idea of technology infusing starts with information delivery and ends with cognitive tools. Cognitive tools are adaptive technologies or systems that are developed and designed to support and improve learning processes (Sirkemma, 2003). For instance, a library system may be considered as an information delivery system whereas AI tools that help language learners polish up their skills are cognitive systems and software. 

Key Elements of Technology Integration in a Learning Environment

The integration of technology in education is a complex process that requires a strategic approach to enhance learning outcomes and promote equity (Eden et al., 2024). Key elements of successful technology integration include the teacher’s skill and attitude, the need to overcome external and internal barriers, and the use of theories such as the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Technology Acceptance Model to guide the process (Luhamya et al., 2017). These elements underscore the importance of aligning technology with pedagogical goals, fostering digital literacy, and addressing the digital divide to create inclusive and enriching learning environments.

Furthermore, as cited in (Sirkemma, 2003), understanding the relationships between the tasks and resources, establishing and maintaining new study habits and ways of working, and tracking and feedback are also key elements in the incorporation process. 

Role of Technology in Education

The integration of technology in education offers numerous advantages for learning. Firstly, technology enhances engagement and motivation by providing interactive and multimedia-rich learning experiences that captivate students’ interest and stimulate their curiosity. Educational games, simulations, and virtual labs make learning more enjoyable and memorable, fostering deeper understanding and retention of concepts (Eden et al., 2024). 

Furthermore, technology facilitates personalized learning experiences tailored to the individual needs and learning styles of students. Adaptive learning platforms use data analytics and machine learning algorithms to customize instruction based on students’ progress and performance, ensuring that each student receives targeted support and challenges appropriate to their level. 

Moreover, technology expands access to educational opportunities and resources, particularly for students in underserved or remote areas. Online courses, digital textbooks, and open educational resources democratize access to high-quality education, breaking down barriers of geography, time, and socioeconomic status.

Despite its potential benefits, the adoption of technology in education is not without challenges. One significant barrier is the digital divide, which refers to disparities in access to technology and internet connectivity among different demographic groups. Students from low-income families or rural areas may lack access to devices and reliable internet access, limiting their ability to fully participate in digital learning experiences.

Strategies for Effective Technology Integration

1. Careful planning and strategic implementation.
2. Clear understanding of pedagogical goals and objectives.
3. Personalized learning via technology and AI.
4. Educational games, simulations, virtual reality, and augmented reality.
5. Digital literacy and programming skills.
6. Collaborative online platforms, project-based learning experiences, and multimedia creation tools.

AI Application in Second Language Teaching

The studies suggest that artificial intelligence technology has important application prospects and potential in second language teaching, providing personalized and intelligent learning support for learners, enriching teaching methods and methods, and improving their learning experience and effectiveness. However, the application of artificial intelligence technology in second language teaching also faces some challenges and limitations, requiring joint efforts from educational institutions, teachers, and scholars to continuously explore and innovate. 

Artificial intelligence utilizes advanced technologies like speech recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning to offer tailored and efficient learning assistance to learners. This helps students attain improved outcomes in the language learning journey. The utilization of artificial intelligence technology in education may significantly increase teaching methodologies and boost learners’ motivation and passion for learning. At the same time, the intelligent and personalized qualities of artificial intelligence systems provide teachers more opportunities for tailored instruction, therefore addressing the requirements of diverse learners (Soyombo-erdene, 2024). 

Nevertheless, there are some obstacles and constraints in the use of artificial intelligence technology for the purpose of teaching a second language. For instance, technology’s accuracy and intelligence require further enhancement, and artificial intelligence systems still have constraints in domains such as language, culture, and emotional expression. Furthermore, instructors must acquire and proficiently employ essential technical knowledge and abilities to successfully incorporate artificial intelligence technology into their teaching methods (Soyombo-erdene, 2024).

Role of AI in encouraging students to learn a second language

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in promoting second language learning. Here are some ways it contributes:

• Personalization: AI-driven platforms adapt to learners’ needs and styles. By analyzing data, they identify weaknesses and provide targeted exercises, feedback, and improvement suggestions.
• Adaptive Learning: AI-powered language learning platforms analyze strengths, weaknesses, and learning pace to offer personalized paths. This enhances engagement and optimizes learning outcomes.
• Conversational AI: Leveraging natural language processing, conversational AI enables interactive learning. It assists teachers in evaluating students’ work and developing curricula.

In summary, AI enhances language learning by tailoring experiences, providing feedback, and creating engaging interactions. Educators should effectively harness AI to support language teaching in AI-powered contexts

Technology and Teacher-Student Relationships

Technology has a significant impact on student-teacher relationships. The use of technology in education has been found to enhance communication and interaction between teachers and students. It provides opportunities for teachers to improve their communication with students and enhance their teaching methods. However, the integration of technology in the classroom also brings about changes in the role of teachers, as they are no longer the sole source of knowledge. The use of technology can decentralize teachers in the learning environment, requiring them to adapt their teaching methods to effectively engage students who have access to instant information. Additionally, the use of digital educational technologies positively affects learning, makes classes more enjoyable, and reinforces communication between teachers and students. Overall, technology has the potential to transform student-teacher relationships by improving communication, changing teaching roles, and enhancing the learning experience.

References:

Jan, H. (2017). Teacher of 21st Century: Characteristics and Development. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(9), 50-54. https://core.ac.uk/outputs/234675955

Sirkemaa, Seppo. (2003). Learning Environment in the Digital Age: Supporting the Student. 10.28945/2598. 

Chima Abimbola Eden, Onyebuchi Nneamaka Chisom, & Idowu Sulaimon Adeniyi. (2024). Harnessing technology integration in education: Strategies for enhancing learning outcomes and equity. In World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (Vol. 11, Issue 2, pp. 001–008). GSC Online Press. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.11.2.0071

Luhamya, A., Bakkabulindi, F. E. K., & Muyinda, P. B. (2017). Integration of ICT in teaching and learning: a review of theories. In Makerere Journal of Higher Education (Vol. 9, Issue 1, p. 21). African Journals Online (AJOL). https://doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v9i1.2

Research on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Second Language Teaching. (2024). In International Journal of New Developments in Education (Vol. 6, Issue 4). Francis Academic Press Ltd. https://doi.org/10.25236/ijnde.2024.060406

The impact of AI on language learning. (2023, December 15). https://www.pearson.com/languages/en-us/community/blogs/2023/12/ai-and-language-learning.html

Herson, R. (2024, May 13). The role of conversational AI in language learning. Second Nature. https://secondnature.ai/the-role-of-conversational-ai-in-language-learning/

Lütfü, Ilgar. (2016). An analysis of candidate teachers’ views on the effect of technology use in education over classroom management.  13(3):51-65. 

Erkan, A. (2019). Impact of using Technology on Teacher-Student Communication/Interaction: Improve Students learning. World Journal of Education, 9(4), 30. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n4p30

Kondos, S. (2018). The Effect of the Use of Technology on the nature of Teacher’s Profession. Arab World English Journal, 9(1), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol9no1.16

Sarigöz, O. (2019). The effect of educational technologies on manners and sustainability of teacher candidates. African Educational Research Journal, 7(3), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.30918/aerj.73.19.024